Posts Tagged ‘petroleum’

Days of rage at the pump, in Libya, and in Saudi Arabia

March 9th, 2011
By: Eric Lundin

Judging by the political developments in Libya and the current price of petroleum, you’d think that Libya was some sort of heavyweight exporter. Last fall West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil was trading at less than $85 per barrel on the spot market. Protests in Libya started in February, and WTI reached $99 per barrel in early March. Granted, Libya isn’t the only country in the region recently shaken by a political disturbance. Protests in Tunisia in December spread to Egypt in January, then Libya in February.

Still, they’re lightweights. (more...)

Green evolution

August 6th, 2010
By: Eric Lundin

I read Vicki Bell’s blog on green job opportunities and, frankly, wasn’t all that surprised to learn that this is still a small niche. While it’s encouraging that green awareness has taken hold and green jobs are out there, it’s a little disheartening that it has taken this long.

Manufacturing as we know it—the use of machines rather than manual methods, that is—dates back more than 200 years. In the early days many of the machines were steam-powered, and heating water to make steam required burning coal, and that’s anything but clean. Pollution controls were nonexistent, and the big industrial centers were filthy, dreary places. It took us a while, but society finally realized that the side effect of widespread industrial pollution was (quite literally) a dead end. Awareness of our impact on the environment finally gained some traction in the late 1960s and early 1970s:

  • Legislative efforts to reduce smog and other air pollution started with the Clean Air Act, which was passed in 1963.
  • Earth Day was founded on April 22, 1970, by Gaylord Nelson (at the time, a U.S. senator).
  • The EPA was formed Dec. 2, 1970.
  • Various bits of legislation intended to clean up U.S. waterways culminated in the Clean Water Act, formally known as the Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments, in 1972.

To be honest, I think we had little more than talk for about four decades after that, so I share Vicki’s frustration with the slow growth of this area. That said, recent signs of progress show that we’re finally serious about using green (or sustainable or renewable or ecological or environmentally friendly) technologies.

  • According to the Energy Information Administration (which is part of the Dept. of Energy), electricity generation by wind power tripled from 2003 to 2007. We also capture energy from the sun and methane from landfills to generate electricity, which increased 15 percent and 20 percent, respectively, in the same time frame.
  • According to www.green-energy-efficient-homes.com, hybrid car sales grew from 5,000 per month in 2004 to 20,000 per month in 2010.
  • Consumables suppliers of every stripe seem to be working relentlessly to remove volatile organic compounds, petroleum derivatives, heavy metals, and other toxins from their products. Of course, some of these actions are responses to specific legislation, but some are voluntary.
  • Enter “sustainable manufacturing course” into your browser and see how many results you get. A few schools even offer degrees in sustainable manufacturing.

Need to know more about what you can do to contribute to sustainable manufacturing practices? We have you covered (with yet more signs of progress). Early this year FMAC Inc. rolled out a new magazine, Green Manufacturer, and accompanying Web site.

Go green!

Cleaning up (slowly) in the gulf

June 10th, 2010
By: Eric Lundin

It’s no secret that the Transocean oil spill is among the largest man-made environmental disasters of all time. Given the impact, the word spill itself is a huge understatement. Gusher or torrent or catastrophe would be more accurate. An early estimate of 5,000 barrels leaking per day appears to have been wildly understated. To quote a June 9 update from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Web site, “… BP hopes to ramp up the collection rate from 15,000 to 28,000 barrels per day over the next week.” The second-largest petroleum disaster in the U.S., the Exxon Valdez wreck, spilled about 250,000 barrels in total.

Even though BP is far from getting the leak under control, the cleanup efforts have been going on for weeks (almost as long as the oil has been leaking, in fact). We have more than a handful of cleanup measures. We can use skimmers to vacuum it up, absorbents and adsorbents to soak it up, controlled fires to burn it up, and detergents and dispersants to break it up. The effectiveness of each of these depends on the oil’s density, the water temperature, weather conditions, and so on.

My particular favorite oil cleaner? Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB). That’s right, bacteria. Considering that petroleum contains compounds known to be toxic, it doesn’t seem possible that some bacteria can digest hydrocarbons, but that’s what it amounts to. Most fabricators use hydraulic equipment and already know that some types of bacteria and fungi thrive in hydraulic systems. Considering the heat and pressure developed in most hydraulic systems, these are some hardy life forms—hence the need for maintaining the hydraulic system’s filtration system and adding a biocide on a regular basis. It turns out that they don't just survive in hydraulic systems; some feed off the hydrocarbons in in hydraulic fluid. In a natural environment, they can digest the components in crude oil.

The Exxon Valdez ran aground in 1989; Prince William Sound is both the site of the wreck and a classroom. What have we learned from that cleanup effort? It’s a slow process. Despite our efforts, as well as those of HCB’s, some areas in that region will be contaminated for another 10 years.

And the Deepwater Horizon disaster may have already released 50 times as much oil as the Exxon Valdez did.

Big spill, bigger problem

April 29th, 2010
By: Eric Lundin

What a difference a week makes. On April 19, Transocean Ltd.’s Deepwater Horizon rig was doing some exploratory drilling in the Gulf of Mexico on behalf of BP. After a six-year drought that started in 1994, BP had discovered several major oil deposits throughout the last decade: Marlin, 2000; Horn Mountain, 2002; Na Kika, 2003; Holstein, 2004; Mad Dog, 2005, Atlantis, 2007, and Thunder Horse in 2008. At the end of March, President Obama announced plans to relax some of the rules regarding offshore drilling.
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